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What Is Medicare & Who Qualifies?

Medicare is the federal health insurance program for Americans age 65 and older, as well as certain younger individuals with disabilities or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Created in 1965, Medicare now covers over 67 million Americans nationwide, with Florida ranking second in the country for total Medicare beneficiaries at more than 4.7 million enrollees.

Medicare is your foundation for healthcare in retirement, but it does not cover everything. Original Medicare leaves you responsible for 20% of outpatient costs with no annual out-of-pocket maximum — meaning a single hospital stay, surgery, or cancer diagnosis could result in thousands or even tens of thousands of dollars in bills. That is exactly why supplemental coverage is essential.

Original Medicare consists of four parts, and understanding how they work together is the key to avoiding surprise medical bills and choosing the right coverage path:

  • Part A (Hospital Insurance) — Covers inpatient hospital stays, skilled nursing facility care (up to 100 days per benefit period), hospice care, and some home health services. Most people pay no premium for Part A because they or a spouse paid Medicare taxes for at least 10 years (40 quarters). In 2026, the Part A inpatient deductible is $1,676 per benefit period.
  • Part B (Medical Insurance) — Covers doctor visits, outpatient procedures, preventive services (wellness visits, screenings, vaccinations), durable medical equipment, ambulance services, and some home health care. The standard Part B premium is $185 per month in 2026, with an annual deductible of $257. Higher earners pay more through IRMAA surcharges based on income from two years prior.
  • Part C (Medicare Advantage) — Private plans that bundle Part A and Part B benefits into a single plan. Most Medicare Advantage plans also include Part D drug coverage plus extras like dental, vision, hearing, fitness programs, and over-the-counter allowances. These are network-based plans (HMO or PPO) administered by private insurance companies like Humana, Aetna, UnitedHealthcare, and WellCare.
  • Part D (Prescription Drug Coverage) — Standalone drug plans that work with Original Medicare and Medigap. Each Part D plan has its own formulary (list of covered drugs) organized into cost tiers. Starting in 2025, the Inflation Reduction Act capped out-of-pocket prescription costs at $2,000 per year for all Part D enrollees, eliminating the previous coverage gap known as the “donut hole.”
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Who Qualifies for Medicare in Florida?

Medicare eligibility is based on age, disability status, or specific medical conditions. You qualify for Medicare if you meet any of the following criteria:

  • Age 65 or older — U.S. citizens and permanent legal residents who have lived in the United States for at least five continuous years are eligible at age 65. If you or your spouse paid Medicare taxes for at least 10 years, you qualify for premium-free Part A.
  • Under 65 with a qualifying disability — Individuals who have received Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits for 24 consecutive months automatically become eligible. Coverage begins the 25th month of disability benefits.
  • End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) — People of any age diagnosed with permanent kidney failure requiring regular dialysis or a kidney transplant can qualify regardless of age or disability status.
  • ALS (Lou Gehrig’s Disease) — Individuals diagnosed with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis who receive any disability benefits are eligible immediately, without the standard 24-month waiting period.

Florida’s large retiree population means the state has a robust Medicare infrastructure with extensive provider networks, numerous plan options, and competitive pricing. Broward County alone — where Coral Springs is located — has dozens of Medicare Advantage plans available each year, giving beneficiaries a wide range of choices.

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How to Enroll in Medicare: Step-by-Step

Medicare enrollment has specific windows. Missing them can mean penalties that last for life.

Initial Enrollment Period (IEP)

Your IEP is a 7-month window that begins 3 months before the month you turn 65, includes your birthday month, and ends 3 months after. This is the most important enrollment window because it is your best opportunity to enroll without penalties or medical underwriting for Medigap plans. Sign up for Part A and Part B during this window.

Annual Enrollment Period (AEP)

October 15 through December 7 each year. Switch from Original Medicare to Medicare Advantage (or vice versa), change Medicare Advantage plans, or switch Part D prescription drug plans. Changes take effect January 1 of the following year. Matt Vallier reviews every client’s coverage annually during AEP.

Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment (MAOEP)

January 1 through March 31 each year. If you are enrolled in a Medicare Advantage plan, you can switch to a different plan or return to Original Medicare. You can also enroll in a standalone Part D plan if you switch back to Original Medicare.

Special Enrollment Periods (SEP)

Triggered by qualifying life events: losing employer coverage, moving to a new service area, losing Medicaid eligibility, qualifying for Extra Help, entering or leaving a nursing facility. Most SEPs last 60 days. If you are still working at 65 with employer coverage, you get an 8-month SEP after you leave.

General Enrollment Period (GEP)

January 1 through March 31 each year, with coverage starting July 1. This is for people who missed their IEP and do not have a qualifying SEP. Late enrollment penalties for Part B (10% per 12-month period delayed) will apply permanently.

Medigap Open Enrollment

Lasts 6 months, starting the first day of the month you are both 65 or older and enrolled in Part B. During this window, insurance companies cannot use medical underwriting to deny you a Medigap policy or charge you more because of health conditions. This is a one-time window.

Medicare Supplement vs. Medicare Advantage: Which Is Right for You?

Two paths to filling the gaps in Original Medicare. The right choice depends on how you use healthcare, where you travel, and what matters most to you.

Medicare Supplement (Medigap)

Standardized federal plans that cover what Original Medicare does not. Same benefits regardless of which insurance company you choose — only the premium differs.

  • Standardized Plans A through N — Plan G covers nearly all out-of-pocket costs except the Part B deductible ($257 in 2026)
  • See any doctor who accepts Medicare — no networks, no referrals, no prior authorizations
  • Predictable monthly costs — virtually zero surprise bills
  • Works nationwide — ideal for Florida snowbirds and travelers
  • Guaranteed renewable — cannot be canceled regardless of health changes

Requires a separate Part D plan. Premiums: $100 to $300/month.

Not sure which path is right? Matt Vallier compares both options side by side based on your doctors, prescriptions, and budget — at no cost.

Compare My Options

How Much Does Medicare Supplement Cost in Florida?

Medigap plans are standardized — Plan G from Aetna covers the exact same things as Plan G from Mutual of Omaha. Only the premium differs.

Plan G

$100 – $300/mo

Most popular Medigap plan in Florida

  • Covers Part A deductible ($1,676)
  • Covers Part A & B coinsurance (the 20% you owe)
  • Covers skilled nursing coinsurance
  • Covers Part B excess charges
  • Foreign travel emergency (80%)

You pay only the Part B deductible ($257/year). After that, Plan G covers everything.

Plan N

$80 – $250/mo

Lower premium alternative to Plan G

  • Covers Part A deductible ($1,676)
  • Covers most Part A & B coinsurance
  • Copays: up to $20 office / $50 ER (waived if admitted)
  • Does NOT cover Part B excess charges

Best for people who want lower premiums and do not mind small copays.

High-Deductible Plan G

$30 – $80/mo

Lowest Medigap premium available

  • Same coverage as Plan G with $2,870 annual deductible
  • After deductible, Plan G coverage at 100%
  • Best for healthy beneficiaries who rarely visit doctors

Catastrophic protection at the lowest monthly cost.

What Does Medicare Not Cover?

One of the biggest misconceptions about Medicare is that it covers everything. It does not. Understanding these gaps is essential for building a complete healthcare safety net in retirement. Original Medicare (Parts A and B) does not cover:

  • Most dental care — routine cleanings, fillings, extractions, and dentures are not covered
  • Routine vision care — eye exams for glasses, eyeglasses, and contact lenses (except after cataract surgery)
  • Hearing aids and fitting exams — hearing aids cost $2,000 to $7,000 per pair without coverage
  • Long-term custodial care — nursing home care when skilled nursing is not required. In Florida, this averages $8,000 to $10,000 per month
  • Care outside the United States — with limited exceptions, Medicare does not pay for healthcare abroad
  • Cosmetic surgery — unless medically necessary

Many gaps can be addressed through Medicare Advantage plans (dental, vision, hearing included), standalone supplemental policies, or long-term care insurance. Matt Vallier builds a complete coverage strategy that addresses every gap.

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How Does Medicare Work with Employer Coverage?

If you are still working at age 65 and have health insurance through your employer, you have important decisions to make. How Medicare coordinates depends on your employer’s size:

  • Employers with 20+ employees — Your employer plan is primary (pays first) and Medicare is secondary. You can delay Part B without penalty as long as you have creditable employer coverage.
  • Employers with fewer than 20 employees — Medicare becomes primary. Enroll in both Part A and Part B during your IEP to avoid gaps and penalties.
  • When you retire or lose employer coverage — You get an 8-month SEP for Part B and guaranteed-issue rights for Medigap without medical underwriting.
  • COBRA is not creditable coverage — It does not protect you from Part B late enrollment penalties. Do not rely on COBRA as a substitute.

This is one of the most common areas where people make costly mistakes. Matt Vallier works with clients well before their 65th birthday to create a clear enrollment plan.

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What Is IRMAA and How Does It Affect Medicare Costs?

IRMAA stands for Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount. It is a surcharge added to your Part B and Part D premiums if your modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) from two years ago exceeds certain thresholds. Many Florida retirees are surprised because it is based on income from their last working years, not retirement income.

  • Up to $106,000 single / $212,000 joint — No surcharge. Standard Part B premium of $185/month.
  • Above $106,000 — IRMAA surcharges in tiers, increasing Part B by $74 to $419+/month.
  • Part D IRMAA — Separate surcharges at the same thresholds, adding $13 to $81+/month.
  • Life-Changing Event appeal — File Form SSA-44 if income dropped due to retirement, divorce, or death of spouse.

Matt Vallier helps clients understand total Medicare costs including IRMAA and advises on when to file the SSA-44 appeal.

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Medicare Late Enrollment Penalties

Missing your enrollment window adds permanent surcharges to your premiums for life.

Part B Late Penalty

10% per year

For each 12-month period you could have had Part B but did not sign up, your premium increases by 10% permanently. Delay 3 years = 30% higher premiums for life. On $185/month, that is $666/year extra — forever.

Part D Late Penalty

1% per month

For each month without creditable drug coverage, your Part D premium increases by 1% of the base premium. Permanent. Delay 24 months = 24% higher premiums. The base premium rises annually, so the penalty amount grows over time.

These penalties are completely avoidable with proper planning. Call Matt Vallier to build your enrollment plan.

Call (561) 206-3402
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Enroll in Medicare Plans Online

Use our certified HealthSherpa portal for easy Medicare enrollment. Compare plans, check if your doctors and prescriptions are covered, and enroll — all in one place.

Enroll Now via HealthSherpa →

Or call Matt at (561) 206-3402. Toll-free: 1-800-346-7180

Medicare Carriers We Represent in Florida

As an independent agency licensed in 27 states representing 17+ carriers, we shop the entire market on your behalf.

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Aetna

Medicare Supplement and Medicare Advantage with broad South Florida networks. Competitive Plan G and Plan N rates in Broward and Palm Beach counties.

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Cigna

Medigap plans with competitive rates for healthy applicants. Excellent customer service and strong financial stability ratings.

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Humana

One of Florida’s largest Medicare Advantage carriers. Extensive HMO/PPO options with dental, vision, hearing, SilverSneakers, and generous OTC allowances. Many $0-premium MAPD plans in Broward County.

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UnitedHealthcare

Nation’s largest Medicare insurer. AARP Medicare Supplement and Medicare Advantage plans. Renew Active fitness program, extensive PPO networks, household Medigap discounts.

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WellCare

Affordable Medicare Advantage and Part D plans with strong Broward/Palm Beach presence. Low-premium HMO options with dental, vision, hearing, and transportation. Part of Centene Corporation.

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Devoted Health

Personalized care coordination with dedicated care guides. $0 premium plans in select Florida counties. High member satisfaction ratings.

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Mutual of Omaha

Top-rated Medigap carrier with the most competitive Plan G and Plan N rates in Florida. Household discount for spouses. A+ AM Best rating.

Medicare FAQ

Honest answers to the questions people actually ask about Medicare in Florida.

Your Initial Enrollment Period (IEP) starts 3 months before you turn 65, includes your birthday month, and ends 3 months after. If you miss it, the General Enrollment Period runs January 1 through March 31 with coverage starting July 1 — but permanent penalties apply. Medicare Advantage and Part D have an Annual Enrollment Period from October 15 to December 7. The Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment runs January 1 through March 31. Special Enrollment Periods are available for qualifying life events like losing employer coverage or moving.
Medicare Supplement (Medigap) works alongside Original Medicare to cover copays, coinsurance, and deductibles. See any doctor who accepts Medicare nationwide with no referrals. Premiums range $100 to $300/month. Medicare Advantage (Part C) replaces Original Medicare with an all-in-one private plan including extras like dental, vision, and hearing, but requires in-network providers. Many have $0 premiums beyond Part B. Medigap = maximum freedom, higher premium. Medicare Advantage = more benefits, network restrictions.
If you have Original Medicare with a Medigap supplement, you need a standalone Part D plan — Medigap does not include drug coverage. Medicare Advantage plans usually include Part D built in. Critical: if you do not enroll in Part D when first eligible and lack creditable drug coverage, you face a permanent late penalty of 1% of the base premium per month delayed. Even if you take no medications, enroll in a low-cost Part D plan to avoid penalties. The Inflation Reduction Act capped Part D out-of-pocket costs at $2,000 per year starting in 2025.
Premiums vary by plan letter, age, gender, tobacco use, zip code, and carrier. Plan G: $100 to $300/month. Plan N: $80 to $250/month (small copays for office/ER visits). High-Deductible Plan G: $30 to $80/month with a $2,870 annual deductible. Coverage is federally standardized — Plan G from Aetna covers the same things as Plan G from Mutual of Omaha. Only the premium differs. That is why an independent agent like Matt Vallier matters: he compares every carrier to find the lowest rate for identical coverage.
Absolutely. Matt reviews clients’ coverage annually during AEP (October 15 through December 7). If your Medicare Advantage plan changed its formulary, raised copays, or dropped your doctors, Matt compares every alternative in your county. For Medigap, you can switch carriers anytime for a lower rate (medical underwriting may apply outside guaranteed-issue periods). No fee for Matt’s help — carriers compensate him. Call (561) 206-3402.
U.S. citizens and permanent residents age 65+, individuals under 65 with 24 months of SSDI, people with ESRD requiring dialysis or kidney transplant, and ALS patients receiving disability benefits. Premium-free Part A requires 10+ years (40 quarters) of Medicare tax payments by you or your spouse. Without that, Part A costs up to $518/month (2026). Florida has 4.7 million Medicare beneficiaries, second nationally.
Original Medicare excludes most dental care, routine vision and eyeglasses, hearing aids ($2,000-$7,000/pair), long-term custodial care ($8,000-$10,000/month in FL), cosmetic surgery, and care outside the U.S. It also has no annual out-of-pocket maximum. Medicare Advantage plans often include dental, vision, and hearing. Long-term care requires separate insurance. Matt Vallier reviews all gaps and builds comprehensive coverage strategies.
Employer with 20+ employees: employer plan is primary, you can delay Part B without penalty while covered. Employer with fewer than 20: Medicare is primary, enroll in both Part A and Part B. When you leave: 8-month SEP for Part B plus guaranteed-issue Medigap rights. COBRA is NOT creditable coverage — do not use it as a substitute for Medicare enrollment.
IRMAA is a surcharge on Part B and Part D premiums for higher-income beneficiaries. Based on income from two years prior. Single filers above $106,000 or joint filers above $212,000 pay extra. Part B surcharges range from $74 to $419+/month. If income dropped (retirement, divorce, death of spouse), file Form SSA-44 to request a reduction based on current income.
Yes — permanent penalties. Part B: 10% premium increase per 12-month delay. Part D: 1% of base premium per month without creditable drug coverage. Both compound as premiums rise annually. A 3-year Part B delay = 30% higher premiums for life ($666+/year extra on current rates). Over a 20-30 year retirement, this costs tens of thousands. Entirely avoidable. Call Matt at (561) 206-3402.

Ready to Find the Right Medicare Plan?

Matt Vallier has helped hundreds of South Florida residents navigate Medicare. Established in 2021, licensed in 27 states, representing 17+ carriers. A free conversation could save you thousands.

Toll-free: 1-800-346-7180

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